Qualitative Approach
 
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Compiled by
Brigitte Lépine

Ethnography
Case Study
Field Study
Historical/Comparative Study
Other Resources regarding Research
Other qualitative related information
Action, participatory, feminist & post modernresearch
Research on the Margins

Ethnography

Info Specific

http://www.slais.ubc.ca/courses/libr590/ethnogra.htm
Resources on Ethnography 

Overview: Ethnography, Observational Research, and Narrative Inquiry ******* http://www.colostate.edu/Depts/WritingCenter/references/research/observe/page2.htm Excellent site. Also has information on grounded theory and Phenomenology, Narrative Inquiry, etc... 

ETHNO/CA NEWS: WWW SITES http://www.pscw.uva.nl/emca/sites.htm INTERESTING WEB-SITES Below I mention a number of other Web-sites that might be worth a visit, a first part includes sites maintained by various organizations, while a second contains sites of individual persons, and teams. 

Conversation Analysis http://www.mathcs.duq.edu/~packer/HP/Handout5.html "Conversation analysis" is a popular approach to the study of discourse. It is a way of thinking about and analyzing the pragmatics of ordinary conversation, focusing on the interactive, practical construction of everyday interchanges. 

TeamEthno 
Workgroup 
http://www.comp.lancs.ac.uk/sociology/TeamEthno/Links.htmlv
Related links 

  • Conversation Analysis
  • Ethnomethodology
  • Research Groups
  • Online journals

  • Ethnography 
Examples of its use

Ethnographic interviewing 
http://www.sil.org/lingualinks/LANGUAGELEARNING/EssaysOnFieldLanguageLearning
/LanggLrnngInThRlWrldFrNnBgnnrs/BecomingFamiliarWithUnfamiliar.htm#3.2.2.1
-Information 

Learning from Farmers Using Ethnographic Decision Tree Modelling 
http://www.maf.govt.nz/MAFnet/publications/org1/org30002.htm
In this research the ethnographic decision tree modelling approach developed by Gladwin (1989a) was used to develop a decision tree that accurately reflected the decisions and constraints involved in the decision of farmers to use, or not to use, organic production techniques. 

TYPES OF ETHNOGRAPHIC STUDIES 
http://www.cr.nps.gov/aad/studies.htm
The National Park Services's Management Policies (5:12) states: "To ensure that NPS plans and actions reflect contemporary knowledge about the cultural context of .  . . ethnographic resources, the National Park Service will conduct appropriate cultural  anthropological research in cooperation with park-associated groups." The following  standard research types meet this need. 

Books, Journals, Articles and other references

References on Ethnographic Research 
http://www.auckland.ac.nz/msis/isworld/ethrefs.htm
This is a list of references on ethnographic research. After a brief introduction which suggests those works which are essential reading for newcomers to the field, the list is organized into two parts: the first part lists some important citations related to the approach in other disciplines (including the source disciplines), the second lists citations related to the approach in Information Systems. You can use the Edit Find command to look for a specific citation. 

Papers

Ethnographic Questioning in the Career Counseling Interview. ERIC Digest. 
http://www.ed.gov/databases/ERIC_Digests/ed404587.html
Source: ERIC Clearinghouse on Counseling and Student Services Greensboro NC., Canadian Guidance and Counselling Foundation Ottawa (Ontario). 

Ethnographic Questioning in the Career Counseling Interview. ERIC Digest.                                 Banister, Elizabeth 
http://www.ericae.net/edo/ED404587.htm - Paper JCCD 1990 Volume 13 Number 1 
Ethnographic interviewing: Asking the right questions to the right people in the right ways 

Carol E. Westby 
http://pegasus.cc.ucf.edu/~abrice/westby.htm
-Abstract 

Water is to Chocolate like Story is to Qualitative Research: Questioning Credibility and Narrative Studies 1 http://www.wmc.edu/academics/library/pub/jcp/issueI-2/burns-mccoy.html It's my concern that, in our need to be taken seriously, qualitative researchers have diluted the potential power of narrative studies, qualitative studies, by claiming quantitative notions of validity and credibility, notions that tend to silence narratives--stories--rather than inviting them to resonate in polyvocal ways. Ironically, the way we do qualitative research and the way we write qualitative research are at odds. 

METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES IN CONVERSATION ANALYSIS(1) by Paul ten Have©, University of Amsterdam http://www.pscw.uva.nl/emca/mica.htm Abstract 

Ethnography and Adult Workplace Literacy Program Design. ERIC Digest. http://ericae.net/db/digs/ed334867.htm From the ERIC database 

Courses Online and other related information

Courses

Ethnography 
http://www.cpsc.ucalgary.ca/~saul/681/1997/amy/ethnography.html
U of C (Saul) 

Ethnography of Communication 
http://falcon.cc.ukans.edu/~nbaym/syllabusethno.html This is a combined theory and methods course designed to introduce students to the Ethnography of Communication. There are three primary goals: 

               … To provide theoretical background in the area 

               … To acquaint students with exemplary readings in the ethnography of communication 

               … To provide students with ability to conduct their own ethnographies of communication. 

Introduction to Anthropological Fieldwork and Ethnography http://web.mit.edu/dumit/www/syl-anth.html The focus of this course is on the ethnographic method as a means for learning about, and learning how to talk about that elusive process we call culture. The purpose is to gain experience in ethnographic practices--interviewing, fieldwork, qualitative analysis--and to learn how to write critically informed accounts.. This course concentrates on issues involved with an anthropology of science and technology. 

Others Resources

THE VIRTUAL COMMUNITY OF AN ONLINE CLASSROOM Terri L. Johanson, EDD Jan 24, 1996 Oregon State University CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY http://www.lucyonline.com/chap2.html This study was designed to explore a virtual community in almost the same way that an anthropological study would explore an ancient community. 

Case Study

Info Specific

Overview: Case Studies http://www.colostate.edu/Depts/WritingCenter/references/research/casestudy/page2.htm

This unit examines case studies, a form of qualitative descriptive research, used to look at individuals, a small group of participants, or a group as a whole. Researchers collect data about participants using participant and direct observations, interviews, protocols, tests, examinations of records, and collections of writing samples. 

Case Study 
http://www.uiah.fi/projects/metodi/170.htm#monogr
In the case study, or monography, you study only one object or one case. Accordingly, the results that you get will hold true only in that single case; that is why it may seem that the results will not be very useful as they cannot readily be applied to other cases which might emerge and require practical remedies. In spite of this, case studies are sometimes made, and the typical reason for this is that the object is so complicated that the researcher must focus all his/her energy on the study of the single object to reveal its manifold attributes and complex relations with the context. 

Conducting Case Studies: Collecting the Evidence 
http://llanes.panam.edu/CaseStudyResearch.HTML
-Evidence for case studies may come from six sources: documents, archival records, interviews, direct observation, participant-observation, and physical artifacts. The use of these six sources calls for slightly different skills and methodological procedures. 

Case Study Research 
http://www.slais.ubc.ca/courses/libr590/case.htm
Many resources regarding Case study *****

Case Studies and Science 
http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/projects/cases/case.html

Books, Journals, Articles and other references

The Application of Case Study Evaluations.http://ericae.net/db/digs/ed338706.htm From the ERIC database ERIC/TM Digest. Davey, Lynn 

Intended for the consumer of case studies, this digest briefly discusses six types of case studies, based on the framework provided by Datta (1990). For each, we present the type of evaluation questions that can be answered, the functions served, some design features, and some pitfalls. 

References on Case Study Research 
http://www.misq.org/misqd961/isworld/case.htm
This is a list of references on case study research (positivist, interpretive and critical). After a brief introduction which suggests those works which are essential reading for newcomers to the field, the list is organized into two parts: the first part lists some important citations related to the approach in other disciplines (including the source disciplines), the second lists citations related to the approach in Information Systems. You can use the Edit Find command in Netscape to look for a specific citation. 

Case Studies 
http://www.stat.ucla.edu/cases/
This is a long and continually growing list of HTML based case-studies. Many of them are based on a previous LaTeX based version prepared by David Draper and George Michailides. Others are based on consulting jobs, and quite a few are taken from the literature. The older batch of ftp-able case Studies can still be found on our servers, but it will slowly disappear and move to an html-based set. 

Papers

Introduction to Case Study 
by Winston Tellis+ 
The Qualitative Report, Volume 3, Number 2, July, 1997 
(http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR3-2/tellis1.html)
-Abstract
This paper is the first of a series of three articles relating to a case study conducted at Fairfield University to assess aspects of the rapid introduction of Information Technology at the institution. This article deals with the nature of the problem faced by Fairfield University, the characteristics of the case methodology, and lays the foundation for the selection of this research technique for the current study. The paper begins with an Introduction section to familiarize the reader with the case organization. The following section on Case Methodology explores the history, and some of the applications of the technique. The section ends with specific research protocols for researchers. 

Application of a Case Study Methodology 
by Winston Tellis+ 
http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR3-3/tellis2.html
-Paper #2 

Courses Online and other related information

PA 765: Case Studies 
http://www2.chass.ncsu.edu/garson/pa765/cases.htm
Case study research is a time-honored, traditional approach to the study of topics in social science and management. Because only a few instances are normally studied, the case researcher will typically uncover more variables than he or she has data points, making statistical control (ex., through multiple regression) an impossibility. Case study research may be used in its own right, but is more often recommended as part of a multimethod approach ("triangulation") in which the same dependent variable is investigated using multiple procedures (ex., case studies, survey research, archival data). In recent years, however, there has been increased attention to implementation of case studies in a more systematic, stand-alone manner which increases the validity of associated findings. 

CS6301 Case Study Research, July 2000. 
http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~cs6301/
-This is a practical course in applying the theories of case study research methodology. 

IC5D2 Case Study Research, January 1999. 
http://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~chanhc/IC52D2/
-This is a practical course in applying the theories of case study research methodology. Lectures will cover in-depth the advantages and pitfalls of conducting research with the case study approach. Emphasis is placed on actual hands-on experience. Students will design, conduct and present their case study research projects. 

Other Resources

CaseWeb: The Case Program Home Page 
http://www.ksgcase.harvard.edu/
-Case Studies in Public Policy and Management 
-Various resources to help teach Case. 

7 Backsteps to Case Study Research 
http://www.tele.sunyit.edu/imho-e-csr.html
-Information page like a small tutorial to learn about Case Study Research using Qualitative Data Analysis. 

Classroom case study
http://alexia.lis.uiuc.edu/~chip/teach/activities/case_study.shtml
A case study of learning is an in-depth look at teaching and how learners respond. It typically includes a description of the activities that provide the context for learning. A case study report may be organized in whatever way seems most appropriate to the study, but often includes the following elements: 

THE CASE STUDY METHOD (concrete example
http://www.psych.purdue.edu/~ben/psy285/levis.html
-The case study method is a teaching approach where you are presented with a description of a marketing situation confronting an organization. You are provided with information about the company, such as its product, its target markets and its environment. As such, the case study method attempts to place you in a simulated business environment

Case Analysis/Research Help 
http://businessmajors.about.com/education/businessmajors/
msub39.htm?iam=mt&terms=%2B%22case+study%22+%2Bresearch
-A list of links  -need to look at again. 

Case Studies/Research 
http://businessmajors.about.com/education/businessmajors/
msubmenu5.htm?iam=mt&terms=%2B%22case+study%22+%2Bresearch
-A list of links  -need to look at again. 

Field Study

Books, Journals, Articles and other references

Book

On the Art of Doing Field Studies 
An Experience-based Research Methodology 
http://www.cbspress.dk/book0032.html
Outside anthropology, this is the first book on field studies within the social sciences.   The authors offer methods, based on the experienced fact that social science research cannot be described as a rational process.

Paper

INTERPRETIVE FIELD STUDIES IN INFORMATION SYSTEMS 
http://www.auckland.ac.nz/msis/isworld/MMyers/Klein-Myers.html
Note: This is the pre-publication version of a paper which has been published in MIS Quarterly. The 
final hardcopy version has some minor differences due to copy editing. If you wish to cite this work, 
please refer to the final version. The full reference is: 

Klein, H. K. and Michael D. Myers. "A Set of Principles for Conducting and Evaluating Interpretive Field Studies in 
Information Systems," MIS Quarterly (23:1), March 1999, pp. 67-93. 

Courses Online and other related information

HMI 503. Human Factors Research Methodology and Field Experimentation. 
5 points, 
Spring 2000 
http://www.ida.liu.se/hmi/events/courses/humanfactorsresmet.html
Objective: This course is an introduction to scientific research methodology focusing primarily on various methods of data collection and analysis in field research. 

Other Resources

THE CENTER FOR FIELD RESEARCH 
Research Affiliate of the Earthwatch Institute 
http://www.earthwatch.org/cfr/cfr.html
-"It is of great importance that the general public be given the opportunity to experience, consciously and intelligently, the efforts and results of scientific research. It is not sufficient that each result be taken up, elaborated, and applied by few specialists in the field. restricting the body of knowledge to a small group deadens the philosophical spirit of a people and leads to spiritual poverty." 
              --Albert Einstein 

Historical/Comparative Study

Info Specific

Knowledge
Historical Study 
http://www.uiah.fi/projects/metodi/170.htm#kehitys
When defining the angle of view on your object of study, you have to consider the dimension of time. In this respect you have the following options... Cross-sectional, Longitudinal

Comparative Study 
http://www.uiah.fi/projects/metodi/170.htm#vert
The comparative method means that you study specimens which belong to the same group but which differ in some respects. 

Comparative and Historical Sociology Homepage http://www.sla.purdue.edu/academic/soc/comphist/ Welcome to the Homepage of the Comparative and Historical Sociology Section of the American Sociological Association. . 

Books, Journals, Articles and other references

Example of a comparative study -paper

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SOUTH KOREA AND COSTA RICA http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/soc/groups/ccsa/shinhytr.htm This paper contributes to the current literature on regime (trans)formation through an analysis of the social and historical origins of capitalist authoritarianism and social democracy in South Korea and Costa Rica. 

abstracs
WCCES 96 Abstracts by author K - L 
http://www.edfac.usyd.edu.au/projects/wcces96/wccesk-l.html

Comparative Literature Studies 
 http://www.cl-studies.org/
A journal 

Publication
Qualitative Comparative Analysis 
http://www.nwu.edu/IPR/publications/qca.html

Courses Online and other related information

Department of Sociology and Anthropology 
Description of Majors and Requirements 
http://www.linfield.edu/soan/majors.htm
Sociology is the historical, comparative study of society, including social relations, institutions and practices. To possess a sociological imagination is to see the strange in the familiar - to analyze the taken-for-granted, common sense understanding of our social worlds. The department has several areas of expertise and focus: inequality and stratification from a global perspective; political/economic sociology; and the sociology of culture and power. Students may also specialize in the applied ar eas of social work or social policy analysis. 

Other Resources

Using Archives: A Practical Guide for Researchers
from the National Archives of Canada,
is an exellent resource for researchers working with an archives.

Institute for Advanced Study Library Services 
http://www.admin.ias.edu/hslib/ls.htm
-Resources 

Historical and Comparative Sociology 
http://students.washington.edu/wchung/hcsoc.html
-Links 

Comparative Cultural and Literary Studies -UA Cultural Studies, Recommended Links 
http://grad.admin.arizona.edu/idps/ccls/recmend.html
Some Recommended, somewhat Relevant Sites.... 

A Collaborative Agenda for Improving International Comparative Studies in Education 
http://www.nap.edu/html/collab_agenda/contents.html
CONTENTS 
-seems interesting 
 

Others Resources regarding Research  

Phenomenon

Phenomenology as Research Method by Beverley Campbell, Victoria University of Technology http://www.staff.vu.edu.au/syed/alrnnv/papers/bev.html  Outline of the paper: This paper is an account, the interweaving, of the narrative of the writing of my own thesis using a phenomenological approach, with my developing interest in phenomenology as research method. My study of personal transformation provides the context for these reflections on phenomenology as research method. 

Phenomenography Crossroads http://www.ped.gu.se/biorn/phgraph/home.html Theory and Research; Activities and Communication. -Resources 

Phenomenology Online http://www.phenomenologyonline.com/ This site provides public access to articles, monographs, and other materials discussing and exemplifying phenomenological research. It also provides password-protected access to courses and workshops taught by Dr. Max van Manen. 

Action Research 

Action research links http://comm-org.utoledo.edu/research.htm Action Research & Popular Education -Lots of information 

Action Research and Participatory Action Research http://www.ualberta.ca/~jrnorris/actres.html -Resources and links 

ACTION RESEARCH AT QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY http://educ.queensu.ca/~ar/ Series of links and resources 

Action research international online journal http://www.scu.edu.au/schools/gcm/ar/ari/arihome.html Refereed on line journal of action research 

Action Research On Web from Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney http://www.cchs.usyd.edu.au/Academic/CH/teaching/AROW/ Action Research On Web has moved to a new web address *** 

The Ontario Action Researcher -for teachers based in action research, classroom experiences and reflective practice http://www.unipissing.ca/oar/index.htm The Ontario Action Researcher is a refereed electronic journal intended for elementary, secondary, and university teachers. It is made possible through a partnership of the Grand Erie District School Board, the Elementary Teachers' Federation of Ontario, and Nipissing University. While our primary aim is to serve the needs of teachers in Ontario, we welcome readership and writing from elsewhere in Canada and the world. 

Critical Theory

BOBBI'S PLACE: Theory and its Role in Research http://www.irn.pdx.edu/~kerlinb/qualresearch/theory.html List of links about CRITICAL THEORY and PHENOMENOLOGY 

Critical Theory and Qualitative Research http://www.ed.psu.edu/ci/cs597/default.html Series of links regarding Critical Theory. 

Critical Pedagogy http://www.wvu.edu/~lawfac/jelkins/pedagogy.html Journal and many other resources 

Grounded Theory

Grounded Theory http://www.npi.ucla.edu/qualquant/ground.htm Reference Books 

BOBBI'S PLACE: What is Grounded Theory? http://www.irn.pdx.edu/~kerlinb/qualresearch/gt.html

The Grounded Theory of Research Design http://www.windsor.igs.net/~nhodgins/grounded_theory_research_design.html Rules &Assumptions, Type of Research -Good information 

KNOWLEDGE AREA MODULE IV: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: LOGIC, METHODS, AND APPLICATIONS Nicholas G. Hueser, MS Grounded Theory Research: Not for The Novice February 6, 1999 
http://www.users.qwest.net/~nhueser/grounded.html Grounded Theory as a Research Methodology 
Grounded theory does not start with hypothesis or research questions like deductive 
methods. Instead grounded theory starts with a phenomenon which the researcher finds to be inadequately explained in theory and with a well-defined research problem. Grounded theory is often used in case studies for the investigation of new concepts and theory. 

Grounded Theory on the Web

The Grounded Theory Institute
This site contains the Sociology Press website providing access to all the Grounded Theory books and publications of Dr. Barney Glaser and others, as well as links to other grounded theory resources on the web. 

    Rahmat M. Samik-Ibrahim's Grounded Theory pages: 
Qualitative Interviewing

http://www.slais.ubc.ca/courses/libr590/interviews.htm Excellent resource *****
(Structured Interviewing, Semi-Structured and In-Depth Qualitative Interviewing Links, Semi-Structured and In-Depth Qualitative Interviewing Links) 

Qualitative Interviewing and the Art if Questioning: Promises, Possibilities, Problems, and Pitfalls 
http://www.coe.uga.edu/quig/proceedings/Quig92_Proceedings/dana.92.html

Qualitative interviewing 
http://www.langrust.com/qualitativeoa.html
If you are looking for information on qualitative  interviewing, see what we have to offer. We specialize in qualitative interviewing with parents, children and teens. 

Other Resources

Photography As A Research Method http://xroads.virginia.edu/~UG97/fsa/tool.html The purpose of any type of documentary is to record and demonstrate what is important about any sort of event, people or place. 

Other qualitative related information

Info Specific

THE QUALITATIVE RESEARCH PAGE http://www.irn.pdx.edu/~kerlinb/qualresearch/ Links of information 

Welcome to QualPage: resources for qualitative research http://www.ualberta.ca/~jrnorris/qual.html Last Update: 20 December 2000 Excellent *******

Qualitative Analysis 
http://www.uiah.fi/projects/metodi/170.htm
The Starting Point of Qualitative Analysis 
By qualitative research, we mean studies that provide a verbal description or explanation of the studied phenomenon, its essence, nature, behavior etc., as a contrast to the typical account given in quantitative research - figures. Qualitative research is common in human sciences, whereas natural sciences tend to favour the quantitative approach. Nevertheless, many phenomena can be studied with either method, or both of them, and it is up to the researcher to make the choice. 

Welcome to the Qualitative Research Web Ring Home Page
http://www.irn.pdx.edu/~kerlinb/qr/
-The Qualitative Research Web Ring focuses on qualitative research and is of particular interest to faculty and graduate students interested in all aspects of qualitative research. 

THE QUALITATIVE RESEARCH PAGE (web ring) 
http://www.irn.pdx.edu/~kerlinb/qualresearch/
-The Qualitative Research Web Page focuses on qualitative research genres and methods. The page provides a central resource that will be of particular interest to graduate students and faculty, especially those who are interested in educational research and qualitative research genres and methodologies. 

Qualitative Research Resources on the Internet 
http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/qualres.html
Qualitative Research Resources on the Internet is a project dedicated to providing researchers, clinicians, 
teachers, and students with on-line access to a collection of qualitative research sites and materials available 
through the World Wide Web. Papers, dissertations, and syllabi are just some of the useful materials that can 
be found in the Resources section. 

Qualitative Research Web Sites 
http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/web.html
-Resources site related to qualitative research (lots of links) 

Yenza! - Start your research - Research methodology - Qualitative methods 
http://www.nrf.ac.za/yenza/research/qual.htm
Research methodology Qualitative methods resources 

Part II: Chapter 3: Common Qualitative Methods http://www.ehr.nsf.gov/EHR/REC/pubs/NSF97-153/CHAP_3.HTM In this chapter we describe and compare the most common qualitative methods employed in project evaluations.3 These include observations, indepth interviews, and focus groups. We also cover briefly some other less frequently used qualitative techniques. Advantages and disadvantages are summarized. For those readers interested in learning more about qualitative data collection methods, a list of recommended readings is provided. 

Part II: Chapter 4: Analyzing Quantitative Data http://www.ehr.nsf.gov/EHR/REC/pubs/NSF97-153/CHAP_4.HTM Qualitative modes of data analysis provide ways of discerning, examining, comparing and contrasting, and interpreting meaningful patterns or themes. Meaningfulness is determined by the particular goals and objectives of the project at hand: the same data can be analyzed and synthesized from multiple angles depending on the particular research or evaluation questions being addressed. The varieties of approaches - including ethnography, narrative analysis, discourse analysis, and textual analysis - correspond to different types of data, disciplinary traditions, objectives, and philosophical orientations. However, all share several common characteristics that distinguish them from quantitative analytic approaches. 

Books, Journals, Articles and other references

BOBBI'S PLACE: Qualitative Research Bibliography ***** http://www.irn.pdx.edu/~kerlinb/qualresearch/biblio.html

Qualitative Tools for Multimethod Research http://www.npi.ucla.edu/qualquant/index.htm Division of Social and Community Psychiatry Neuropsychiatric Institute UCLA --Qualitative Tools for Multimethod Research is a resource developed by members of the Division of Social Psychiatry at UCLA's Neuropsychiatric Institute (NPI). ---Lots of references for books regarding different methods. 

Qualitative Research Compilation of Replies 
http://www.commerce.uq.edu.au/isworld/research/Qualitative_research.html
I have categorized the information I received into four themes: (1) Web sites, (2) references, (3) software and (4) other advice. Each is listed below. I added some of my own commentary about Web sites and software, but mainly just listed comments I received according to each of the four themes. I listed all comments anonymously. I am hopeful that others will find this compilation as useful as I have. 

Books, Papers

General References on Qualitative Research 
http://www.misq.org/misqd961/isworld/general.htm
-This is a list of general references on qualitative research (and not related to any specific method). After a brief introduction which suggests those works which are essential reading for newcomers to the field, the list is organized into two parts: the first part lists some important citations related to the approach in other disciplines 
(including the source disciplines), the second lists citations related to the approach in Information Systems. 
-Books, citation. 

Qualitative Research Text Resources
http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/text.html
-Individual Papers, Collections of Papers, Posters, and Abstracts. 

Qualitative Research Design: An Interactive Approach 
http://www.socresonline.org.uk/1/4/hammersley.html
-This book covers key aspects of research design, as these relate to qualitative method. The author notes      that all research has a research design, but that sometimes this is left implicit, when it should be made      explicit and systematic. Emphasis is placed on the importance of being as clear as possible about design issues, even before writing a research proposal. 

The Proposal in Qualitative Research1 
by Anthony W. Heath2 
The Qualitative Report, Volume 3, Number 1, March, 1997 
(http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR3-1/heath.html)
-Paper 

Q METHODOLOGY AND QUALITATIVE RESEARCH by Steven R. Brown Kent State University http://www.rz.unibw-muenchen.de/~p41bsmk/qmethod/srbqhc.htm Q methodology was invented in 1935 by British physicist-psychologist William Stephenson (1953) and is most often associated with quantitative analysis due to its involvement with factor analysis. 

Semiotics and Qualitative Research in Education: The Third Crossroad by Gary Shank The Qualitative Report, Volume 2, Number 3, December, 1995 (http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR2-3/shank.html

Qualitative Research Ruth G. McRoy http://www.uncp.edu/home/marson/qualitative_research.html Qualitative research is concerned with nonstatistical methods of inquiry and analysis of social phenomena. It draws on an inductive process in which themes and categories emerge through analysis of data collected by such techniques as interviews, observations, videotapes, and case studies. Samples are usually small and are often purposively selected. Qualitative research uses detailed descriptions from the perspective of the research participants themselves as a means of examining specific issues and problems under study. 

Can Sociological Research Be Qualitative, Critical and Valid? by David Wainwright+ The Qualitative Report, Volume 3, Number 2, July, 1997 (http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR3-2/wain.html

Qualitative Research in Information Systems: Time to be Subjective? http://is.lse.ac.uk/iswnet/pub/ifip8297.htm Abstract -The starting point of a researcher's methodological choice within information systems, is not so much a problem of how many methods we employ or if those are of a quantitative or a qualitative nature, but the ability to identify the philosophical and theoretical assumptions which leads to the choice of the appropriate methodology 

Max van Manen: Articles http://www.ualberta.ca/~vanmanen/articles.html. recent articles (please note that copyrights are held by cited journals or monographs) 

Originally published in Theory and Concepts in Qualitative Research: Perspectives from the Field, David J. Flinders and Geoffrey E. Mills, eds., (New York: Teachers College Press, 1993) pp. 218-229. http://www.lsweb.sscf.ucsb.edu/depts/soc/faculty/hbecker/theory.html Theory: The Necessary Evil Howard S. Becker -Epistemological Worries 

Evaluating Classroom Practices Using Qualitative Research Methods: 
                                Defining and Refining the Process 
                              Barbara Burks Fasse & Janet L. Kolodner 
                                       College of Computing 
                                   Georgia Institute of Technology 
                                     Atlanta, GA 30332-0280 
                                    {bfasse, jlk}@cc.gatech.edu http://www.cs.gatech.edu/edutech/projects/icls00/qualresearch.html

QUESTION/PROBLEM: Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methods 
ERIC DOCUMENTS CITATIONS for Qualitative Research 
Review Literature re: Qualitative Research 
http://ericae.net/faqs/qual_qnt.htm#ecites

Journals/Publications

The Qualitative Report (web ring) 
http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/index.html
-An online journal dedicated to qualitative research and critical inquiry since 1990. 

Welcome to QualPage: resources for qualitative research (web ring) 
http://www.ualberta.ca/~jrnorris/qual.html
-QualPage is a collection of resources (journal, forum, and more) for qualitative researchers. 

International Institute for Qualitative Methodology 
http://www.ualberta.ca/~iiqm/iiqmHomePages/welcome.html
-On this website, you will find information about our staff, our research, our publications, and our conferences  and workshops. 

Associations

The Association of Qualitative Research Practitioners 
http://www.aqrp.co.uk/what.htm
Qualitative Research is a thriving part of  market research. A brief history of 
 Qualitative Research is outlined below. 

Association for Qualitative Research 
http://www.latrobe.edu.au/www/aqr/
-This is an association for those with an interest in Qualitative Research. 

Qualitative Research in Information Systems 
http://www.misq.org/misqd961/isworld/index.html#Qualitative Research Methods
-Welcome to the section on Qualitative Research in Information Systems (IS). This section aims to provide qualitative researchers in IS - and those wanting to know how to do qualitative research - with useful information on the conduct, evaluation and publication of qualitative research. 

Courses Online and other related information

courses

IE 704 Design in Qualitative Research 
2000-2001 
Dr.Erol Sayin 
http://www.ie.metu.edu.tr/~ie704/index.html
Course Description: 
Qualitative research methods serving as means to better understand and change a complex social phenomenon.  Models employed in applied fields for gaining a better understanding of human interactions are among others,  qualitative interviewing and observation, Delphi Technique, Balanced Scorecard and System Dynamics. Through systematic means the students will gather information about actions and interactions, reflect on their meaning, arrive at and evaluate conclusions, and eventually put forward an interpretation. 

SYLLABUS: WWS 513/POP 507 Qualitative Research Methods (Spring Term 1997) http://www.princeton.edu/~sociolog/grad/courses/spring1997/wws513.html This seminar examines qualitative methods used in social science research, focusing primarily on participant-observation, on asking questions, on writing fieldnotes, and on the transformation of these primary field data into written ethnographic documents. Other methods considered include the quantification of ethnographic data through the use of computer programs, decision tree modeling, and time allocation studies. 

Professor Michelle Young Qualitative Inquiry: Design and Analysis Course Number: 7D:390 Office Location: N497 LC http://www.uiowa.edu/~ppls/mdyoung/qual.html

Course Description The purpose of this course is to stimulate students' explorations into qualitative ways of knowing such that their future research endeavors will reflect conscious and informed choices as to assumptions undergirding their inquiry, goodness-of-fit between their research problems and the methods chosen to study them, the selection of appropriate techniques, and an awareness of themselves in the conduct of their research and in the presentation of their findings. 

The Qualitative Methods Workbook is an "e-text" prepared for the college course Qualitative Research Methods (PSY 405) 
http://www.ship.edu/~cgboeree/qualmeth.html
-Web Ring 
-A few link of articles, looks interesting 

Basic Qualitative Research Terminology -----Gap-Fill Exercise http://www.utmem.edu/%7Ecrussell/hotpot/qualrestermc.htm Completion of this exercise will help you to determine your familiarity with qualitative research. 

Some definitions of terminology http://www.ped.gu.se/biorn/wild/xwild.html

Other Resources

Secondary analysis of qualitative data http://www.soc.surrey.ac.uk/sru/SRU22.html Social Research Update is published quarterly by the Department of Sociology, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 5XH, England. 

Qualitative Tools for Multimethod Research 
http://www.npi.ucla.edu/qualquant/index.htm
Qualitative Tools for Multimethod Research is a resource developed by members of the Division of Social 
Psychiatry at UCLA's Neuropsychiatric Institute (NPI). 

 

Action, participatory, feminist & post modernresearch

Contemporary Philosophy, Critical Theory and Postmodern Thought…a good, eclectic site maintained by the School of Education, University of Colorado at Denver with an excellent array of links to other relevant sites on the Internet. http://carbon.cudenver.edu/~mryder/itc_data/postmodern.html

What is Postmodernism by J.L. Lemke…a highly technical site dealing with general social theory, semiotics, discourse analysis, postmodernism and critical theory, activity theory and Actant-Network Theory. http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/education/jlemke/theories.htm#Postmodernism

An Overview of the methodological Approach to Action Research by Rory O'Brien appears to be a comprehensive look at action research completed by a graduate student for a course in 1998.http://www.web.net/~robrien/papers/arfinal.html

Participatory Action Research and People's Participation is an excellent site relating research to community development supported by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. http://www.fao.org/WAICENT/FAOINFO/SUSTDEV/PPdirect/PPre0021.htm

The Critical Theory of Jurgen Habermas is a brief introduction to work of Habermas maintained by Dan MacIssac. http://www.phy.nau.edu/~danmac/habcritthy.html

Feminist Theory & Feminist Research: Where have we been and where are we going? is the conference homepage for the Second Biennial Feminism(s) and Rhetoric(s) Conference. http://femrhet.cla.umn.edu/proposals/feminist_theory.htm The following are additional sources on feminist writers and organizations. Dr. Dewar's article is also an excellent source of other feminist writers.

Catherine Bray: Senior lecturer in Women's Studies at Massey University. Home page lists area of study and a list of recent publications. http://www.massey.ac.nz/~wwwms/cbray.html

Sisterhood is Global Institute (SIGI). Established in 1984, SIGI seeks to deepen the understanding of women's rights at the local, regional and global levels, and to strengthen the capacity of women to exercise their rights. http://sigi.org/sigi.html

Publications of women who have special interest in education, public awareness and communciation. http://iisd1.iisd.ca/women/readeda.html

Women and adult education: A postmodern perspective by Dr. Tammy D. Dewar. (1997). http://www.telusplanet.net/public/tddewar/women.html Dr. Dewar uses the analogy of "a blanket of snow" to illustrate the experiences of women in adult education in Canada. Women have made major contributions to the field of adult education but their contributions have largely been ignored, devalued, or considered to be outside the field of adult education. The author uses Jane Hugo’s findings of similar experiences by women in the United States to explain why women in Canada have been excluded from historical literature in adult education, and provides some suggestions on how this exclusion could be changed.

Women & Adult Education: A Postmodern Perspective by T D. Dewar available at: http://www.telusplanet.net/public/tddewar/women.html

Research on the Margins

"No evidence of ET: Panel calls for more scientific UFO research", Stanford Report Online: http://www.stanford.edu/dept/news/report/news/july1/ufostudy71.html

Additional Resources

Additional resources on this topic:

Bauer, Henry H.(1994). Scientific Literacy and the Myth of the Scientific Method Chicago: University of Illinois Press.

Beaty, William J.(1998). Closeminded Science, [online]. Available: http://www.eskimo.com/~billb/weird/wclose.html

Brockman, John (1995). The Third Culture: Beyond the Scientific Revolution. New York: Simon & Schuster.

Cerf, Christopher and Navasky, Victor (1984). The Experts Speak: The Definitive Compendium of Authoritative Misinformation. New York: Pantheon Books.

Duncan, Ronald (1977). The Encyclopaedia of Ignorance: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About the Unknown. Oxford, U.K.: Pergamon Press.

Gold, Thomas (1989). New ideas in science. Journal of Scientific Exploration , 3(2), p103-112.

Huyghe, Patrick (1995). Extraordinary claim? Move the goalposts. The Anomalist , [online]. Available: http://www.anomalist.com/commentaries/claim.html

Martin, Brian (1996). Suppression stories peer review as scholarly conformity [online]. Department of Science and Technology, University of Wollongong. Available: http://www.uow.edu.au/arts/sts/bmartin/dissent/documents/ss/ss5.html

Milton, Richard (1996). Alternative Science: Challenging the Myths of the Scientific Establishment. Vermont: Park Street Press.

Radin, Dean (1997). The Conscious Universe: The Scientific Truth of Psychic Phenomenon. New York: Harper Collins.

 

 

 

 


Feb 2001